Fusarium wilt ,symptoms and its management.

Fusarium wilt

plant affected with fusarium wilt disease


Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne pathogen that attacks potato, tomato, eggplant and chilli plants. Disease fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) enter through the roots and interfere with the water conducting vessels of the plant. As the infection spreads up into the stems and leaves it restricts water flow causing the foliage to wilt and turn yellow.

Disease symptoms often appear later in the growing season and are first noticed on the lower (older) leaves. As the disease progresses, the younger leaves will also be affected and the plant eventually dies. In many cases, only one branch or side of the plant show symptoms.

Fusarium wilt can survive for years in the soil and is spread by water, insects and garden equipment. The fungal disease develops during hot weather and is most destructive when soil temperatures approach 80ËšF. Dry weather and low soil moisture encourage this plant disease.

Treatment

Plant resistant varieties which are available.

Remove , the affected plants.

High nitrogen fertilizers may increase susceptibility to the disease. Test your soil and use a slow-release, organic fertilizer in the vegetable feild.

Hand pull or spot treat weeds using a weed herbicide — many weed species host the disease pathogen.

If the disease persists, it is best to remove the entire plant and solarize* the soil before planting again.

Avoid water logging , keep safe drinage irrigation .

Chemical management
Drenching with 1% copper sulphate mixture or copper oxy chloride + streptomycin may give protection.·

Seed treatment with 4g Trichoderma viride formulation or 2g Carbendazim per kg seed is effective. Mix 2kg T.viride formulation mixed with 50kg FYM, sprinkle water and cover with a thin polythene sheet. When mycelia growth is visible on the heap after 15 days, apply the mixture in rows of chilli in an area of one acre.

On higher rate of infection drench with Ridomilgold + streptomycin + root enhancer (humic acid)

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